Speaker
Description
Zoonotic diseases pose a significant public health threat in Nigeria, particularly in Kwara State, where human-animal-environment interactions are frequent due to widespread farming and livestock rearing. Rabies, Lassa fever, and other zoonoses continue to emerge and re-emerge, highlighting the urgent need for integrated approaches like the One Health framework to assess vulnerabilities and build public health resilience. A mixed-method study design was employed, including household surveys (n=300), focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and geospatial analysis. Data were collected on disease incidence, knowledge levels, risk behaviors, and environmental conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, and GIS was used to identify disease hotspots. Findings revealed that 60% of respondents reported regular contact with livestock, and rabies and Lassa fever were the most frequently reported zoonotic diseases. Only 28% of respondents had accurate knowledge of zoonotic disease transmission. Demographic analysis showed that 50% were farmers and 65% lived in rural areas. GIS mapping identified high-risk zones associated with deforestation, poor sanitation, and livestock density. Institutional analysis indicated weak coordination among sectors and limited veterinary infrastructure. The study confirms a high burden of zoonotic diseases in Kwara State, driven by environmental exposure, limited public awareness, and weak cross-sectoral collaboration. The One Health approach is vital for addressing these multifaceted health challenges. Key recommendations include strengthening integrated surveillance systems, expanding veterinary and public health services in rural areas, enhancing inter-sectoral coordination, and implementing community-based education programs to promote safer human-animal interactions.