10th U6+ Consortium of African Universities International Conference

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming teaching, learning, and research in higher education. The widespread availability of AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT has enhanced access to information, personalized learning, and academic support. However, the rapid adoption of these technologies has also raised concerns regarding excessive dependence on AI, reduced critical thinking, and challenges to academic integrity. As universities continue to embrace digital transformation, there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can guide the responsible integration of AI in educational systems. This study proposes a dynamic mathematical model for analysing AI integration in university education. The student population is categorized into four classes: students with minimal AI usage, responsible AI users, AI-dependent students, and regulated AI users. A system of ordinary differential equations will be formulated to describe transitions among these groups. The model will be analysed using equilibrium and stability theories to investigate the long-term dynamics of AI usage behaviour. Furthermore, optimal control theory will be employed to determine effective intervention strategies aimed at promoting responsible AI utilization while minimizing excessive dependence. Numerical simulations will be conducted using MATLAB to evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programmes, institutional policies, and academic guidance initiatives. The study is expected to provide a quantitative framework for understanding AI integration dynamics in higher education and to generate evidence-based recommendations for universities seeking to maximize the benefits of AI while reducing the risks associated with over-reliance on AI technologies.